Fouls, free throws and violations.

• In NCAA and NFHS play:
• If the player's team has 6 or fewer team fouls in the half, the team fouled gets possession of the ball.
• If the team has 7 to 9 team fouls, the player fouled goes to the line for what is called "one-and-one" or the "bonus"—that is, if the player makes the first free throw, he gets the opportunity to attempt a second, but if he misses, the ball is live.
• If the team has 10 or more fouls in the half, the player fouled gets two free throws, often called the "double bonus".
• All overtime periods are considered an extension of the second half for purposes of accumulated fouls. Also, NFHS rules accumulate fouls per half, even though games are played in quarters.
• In the NBA:
• If the player's team has 4 or fewer team fouls in the quarter, the team fouled gets possession of the ball.
• Starting with the team's fifth foul in the quarter, the player fouled gets two free throws.
• Overtime is not considered an extension of any quarter. Instead, the "penalty" of two free throws is triggered on the team's fourth foul in that overtime period (instead of the fifth).
• Foul limits are reset in the last two minutes of a quarter or overtime period. If a team has not reached its limit of accumulated fouls, the first team foul in the last two minutes results in possession by the team fouled, and all subsequent fouls result in two free throws.
• In FIBA play:
• If the player's team has 4 or fewer team fouls in the quarter, the team fouled gets possession of the ball.
• Starting with the team's fifth foul in the quarter, the player fouled gets two free throws.
• All overtime periods are considered an extension of the fourth quarter for purposes of accumulated fouls.

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